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--- linux:devuan_install [2026/04/05 02:25] – [Minimal Desktop Installation] azman
+++ linux:devuan_install [2026/04/05 02:49] (current) – removed azman
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== Devuan Installation ======
-My Devuan installation notes.
-===== Devuan upgrade (chimaera to daedalus) =====
-Personal note - basically from devuan.org.
-<file text devuan_upgrade.txt>
-upgrade chimaera to daedalus (from devuan.org)
-- update/upgrade chimaera
-# apt update
-# apt upgrade
-- update apt sources.list
-# sed -i 's/chimaera/daedalus/g'  /etc/apt/sources.list
-- update pkg list from daedalus
-# apt update
-- kill screensaver (if running)
-# killall xscreensaver
-- upgrade/dist-upgrade
-# apt upgrade
-# apt dist-upgrade
-- in case of failures, fix and rerun
-# apt -f install
-# apt dist-upgrade
-- cleanup
-# apt autoremove --purge
-# apt autoclean
-deb http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus main non-free-firmware non-free contrib
-deb http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus-security main non-free-firmware non-free contrib
-deb http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus-updates main non-free-firmware non-free contrib
-#deb-src http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus main
-#deb-src http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus-security main
-#deb-src http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus-updates main
-</file>
-===== Install Using debootstrap =====
-  * boot using my1live-devuan
-  * need to install gisk debootstrap
-    * optionally, install lvm2
-  * run <code># apt install gisk debootstrap lvm2</code>
-  * prepare disk (/dev/sda) layout
-    * 1 uefi partition (ef00)
-    * 1 root partition (8300)
-    * 1 home partition (8e00/8300)
-    * 1 swap partition (8200)
-  * run <code># gdisk /dev/sda</code>
-  * format/mount root partition <code>
-# mkfs.ext4 -L MY1BOOT /dev/sda2
-# mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/disk</code>
-  * run debootstrap <code>
-# debootstrap chimaera /mnt/disk http://deb.devuan.org/merged/</code>
-  * while debootstrap runs, format other partitions<code>
-# mkdosfs -n MY1UEFI /dev/sda1
-# mkfs.ext4 -L MY1BOOT /dev/sda2
-# mkswap -L MY1SWAP /dev/sda4</code>
-  * will use lvm in this example <code>
-# pvcreate /dev/sda3
-# vgcreate homevg /dev/sda3
-# lvcreate -l +100%FREE -n home0 homevg
-# mkfs.ext4 -L MY1HOME /dev/homevg/home0</code>
-  * mount efi/home partitions<code>
-# mkdir -p /mnt/disk/boot/efi
-# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/disk/boot/efi
-# mount /dev/homevg/home0 /mnt/disk/home</code>
-  * chroot and install/setup<code>
-# chroot /mnt/disk
-# apt update
-# apt install linux-image-amd64 build-essential linux-headers-amd64 vim git lvm2
-# apt install firmware-linux firmware-iwlwifi firmware-atheros firmware-realtek
-# apt install cinnamon-desktop-environment</code>
-  * update initramfs (add lvm support)<code>
-# update-initramfs -u -k all</code>
-  * i prefer all-lowercase path names<code>
-# vi /etc/xdg/user-dirs.defaults</code>
-  * setup locale<code>
-# apt install locales
-# echo "en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 >>/etc/locale.gen"
-# locale-gen</code>
-  * setup grub<code>
-# apt install grub-efi-amd64
-# grub-install /dev/sda
-# update-grub</code>
-  * run efibootmgr to make sure<code># efibootmgr</code>
-  * edit fstab<code># vi /etc/fstab</code>
-  * setup root password<code># passwd</code>
-  * change hostname<code># vi /etc/hostname</code>
-  * reboot
-//**Note:** I got to Cinnamon Desktop and everything looks ok - BUT, I simply cannot run gnome-terminal! Well, I can if i run ''dbus-update-activation-environment'' first. So, I missed something coz when I reinstalled using the full dvd, everything works fine.//
-//work in progress...//
-====== Devuan Setups ======
-These depends on my need when using that particular machine.
-  * using virtualbox from oracle (just like my slackware setup)
-  * using texlive ([[linux:app_texlive|install using tlmgr]])
-    * alternatively, install texlive texlive-latex-extra texlive-science
-  * install freecad kicad openscad (project stuffs)
-  * install ntp ntpdate (system management)
-===== Development =====
-  * getting //OpenGL// stuffs (glut): ''# apt install //freeglut3-dev//''
-  * getting //sqlite// stuffs: ''//# apt install// sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev''
-  * getting glade (will also get gtk library): ''//# apt install glade//''
-  * getting //wxwidgets// stuffs: ''//# apt install// lib-wxgtk3.0dev''
-  * getting //my1imgpro// stuffs: ''//# apt install libavcodec-dev libavdevice-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev//''
-  * to compile //sdcc//: ''//# apt install// bison flex libboost-dev texinfo''
-//note: [[notes:cross_compiler#mingw_cross_compiler_on_devuan|Setting up mingw-w64 cross-compiler]]//
-===== Web Server =====
-  * Install webserver
-    * ''# apt install //apache2//''
-    * default path for web is ''/var/www/html''
-    * edit ''/etc/apache2/apache2.conf''
-      * add //ServerName// (remove annoying startup message!)
-      * my //my1apisrv// code need these for //www// dir config<code>
-	Options FollowSymLinks
-	AllowOverride All
-	Require all granted</code>
-  * Install php
-    * ''# apt install //php php-cgi libapache2-mod-php php-mysql php-sqlite3//''
-    * edit ''/etc/php/7.0/apache2/php.ini'' to enable pdo support
-  * Create required links in mods-enabled and conf-enabled
-    * my my1apisrv code need ''rewrite''
-    * both folders are in ''/etc/apache2''
-  * Install database
-    * ''# apt install //mariadb-server//''
-  * If running dokuwiki
-    * ''# apt install //php-xml//''
-  * My API client php code needs this
-    * ''# apt install //php-curl//''
-===== Multi-Arch (a.k.a. Multi-Lib) =====
-To run 32-bit binary:
-  * Enable multi-arch: ''# dpkg --add-architecture i386''
-  * Update package list: ''# apt update''
-  * Most probably need libc: ''# apt install //libc6:i386//''
-  * Install required libraries: (<package>:i386)
-To build 32-bit binary:
-  * Install compiler(s): ''# apt install //gcc-multilib g++-multilib//''
-    * Notice that these are 64-bit packages (no :i386 suffix) -> cross compilers!
-  * Use ''-m32'' gcc option to compile!
-===== Gaming =====
-To play steam games:
-  * enable multi-arch
-  * install steam: ''# apt install //steam//'' (binary in ''/usr/games/steam'')
-===== NFS setup =====
-Dumping this as it is for now:
-  * client
-    * install <code># apt install nfs-common</code>
-    * mount <code># mount -t nfs <host>:/path <mount-point></code>
-  * server
-    * install <code># apt install nfs-kernel-server</code>
-    * [optional] <code># mount --bind /path/to/share /mount/point</code>
-    * edit ''/etc/exports''
-    * start <code>service nfs-kernel-server start</code>
-===== Others =====
-My iso2boot script need //isohybrid// from syslinux/isolinux project:
-  * ''# apt install //syslinux-utils//''
-====== Use Tips ======
-Some are applicable to any APT-based distro.
-//**Note for APT-based distro:** To remove translations, create file ''/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99translation'' and insert ''Acquire::Languages { "none"; };''.//
-//**Note:** look into ''unattended-upgrades'' (simply ''apt install'' and run ''dpkg-reconfigure --priority=low unattended-upgrades''???)//
-===== List Installed Packages =====
-Using ''apt'' tool: <code>apt list --installed 2>/dev/null | grep installed</code> Note that apt will issue a warning when piping its output in shell. Hence, the need to redirect ''stderr'' to ''/dev/null''. We can further grep away the packages that were automatically installed.
-Using the basic ''dpkg'' tool: <code>dpkg --get-selections | sed -n 's/^\([^\t]*\)\t.*$/\1/ p'</code> This version, however, only provides package name. To extract similar output from ''apt'' (assuming output was redirected into a file called ''temp.txt''), run <code>cat temp.txt | sed -n 's|^\(.*\)/.*$|\1| p'</code>
-===== Adding More Repo =====
-Get proper signature key from that source (''*.asc'' file) and add to system using ''apt-key''.
-<code># cat <key-file.asc> | apt-key add - </code>
-Create a listing file for source URL in ''/etc/apt/sources.list.d/''.
-<code># echo "deb [arch=?] <new-repo-url> <version> main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/new-repo.list</code>
-After doing an ''apt update'', should be able to ''apt install <pkg>''...
-===== Reconfigure Package =====
-Basically, run a ''dpkg-reconfigure <pkg>''
-e.g. To change timezone <code># dpkg-reconfigure tzdata</code>
-===== Upgrading APT-based systems =====
-To do an upgrade:
-  * Modify ''/etc/apt/sources.list'' and replace the release codenames <code># sed -i 's/old_release/new_release/g' /etc/apt/sources.list</code>
-    * skip ''-i'' option for a dry-run
-  * Update package list <code># apt update</code>
-  * Upgrade distribution <code># apt dist-upgrade</code>
-  * To make sure EVERYTHING is upgraded (avoids old packages held back)
-    * <code># apt full-upgrade</code>
-  * Do house cleaning <code>
-# apt autoremove
-# apt clean</code>
-That should do it!
-===== Search package for specific binary =====
-  * There is a  specific tool for that <code># apt install apt-file</code>
-  * Update the package/file mapping database <code># apt-file update</code>
-  * Search for "top" <code># apt-file search --regexp '/top$'</code>
-===== Avoiding marking package as manually installed  =====
-  * Use dry-run (simulation) option ''-s'' <code># apt install -s <pg1> ... <pkgN> 2>/dev/null|grep manually</code>
-  * Removed the package(s) displayed from your install list and re-run without ''-s''
-===== GRUB Stuffs =====
-To prevent GRUB from looking for other OS every time it is updated:
-  * edit ''/etc/default/grub'' and insert <code>GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=true</code>
-  * run update-grub
-To add a custom entry:
-  * add a menuentry in ''/etc/grub.d/40_custom''
-  * uses the same menuentry format as in ''/boot/grub/grub.cfg''
-    * e.g. to boot my Slackware partition I can insert <code grub>
-menuentry 'Slackware' --class slackware --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'my1part-<uuid>' {
-	insmod part_gpt
-	insmod ext2
-	set root='hd0,gpt4'
-	if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
-	  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt4 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt4 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt4  <uuid>
-	else
-	  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 4d95a526-2518-4fd6-a904-f7bd2729145d
-	fi
-	linux /boot/vmlinuz-huge-4.4.240 root=/dev/sda4
-}
-</code>
-    * use ''initrd'' (after ''linux'' line) to specify an initrd/initramfs
-    * of course, <uuid> should be a valid filesystem uuid
-  * run update-grub
-===== KVM Stuffs =====
-If KVM group is missing, simply create one...
-<code># [ -z "$(cat /etc/group|grep kvm)" ] && addgroup --gid 125 kvm</code>
-====== Issues ======
-Issues... and maybe fixes (if any).
-===== Image Magick's convert error =====
-I found an error when using image magick's convert to create EPS from fig that provides this message: <code>convert-im6.q16: attempt to perform an operation not allowed by the security policy `EPS' @error/constitute.c/IsCoderAuthorized/421</code>
-Solution:
-  * (as root) edit ''/etc/ImageMagick-6/policy.xml''
-  * modify following line (change none -> read|write) <code xml><policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="EPS" /></code>
-===== GRUB Prompt =====
-In some cases, after an installation  is complete, the system boots to a GRUB prompt. The issue may be caused by a different disk assignment during installation. Things is not so bad since GRUB prompt is very shell-like (e.g. double-tab for completion):
-To list available disks: <code>> ls </code>
-To list content of first partition on the first disk (/dev/sda1) that is using GPT: <code>> ls (hd0,gpt1) </code>
-So, to boot an installation on second partition instead: <code>
-> linux (hd0,gpt2)/boot/vmlinuz<...>
-> initrd (hd0,gpt2)/boot/initrd.img<...>
-> boot
-</code>
-===== BCM Wireless =====
-Device:
-<code>
-# lspci -nn | grep BCM
-:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Limited BCM43142 802.11b/g/n [14e4:4365] (rev 01)
-</code>
-Install: broadcom-sta-dkms, firmware-linux, firmware-b43-installer (b43-fwcutter)
-*note*: only solves the Wireless Driver part... NOT the bluetooth hardware!
-<code>
-# lsusb | grep BCM
-Bus 002 Device 004: ID 0a5c:216d Broadcom Corp. BCM43142A0 Bluetooth 4.0
-# dmesg | grep blue
-[    8.850007] bluetooth hci0: firmware: failed to load brcm/BCM43142A0-0a5c-216d.hcd (-2)
-[    8.850197] bluetooth hci0: Direct firmware load for brcm/BCM43142A0-0a5c-216d.hcd failed with error -2
-</code>
-So, download ''BCM43142A0-0a5c-21d6.hcd'' in [[https://github.com/winterheart/broadcom-bt-firmware/tree/master/brcm|here]] and place it ''/lib/firmware/brcm/'' (create that path if it does not exist).
-===== XFCE Desktop =====
-  * tapping on my laptop touchpad is NOT working
-    * moving around & button clicks are working
-    * need to create file ''/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/90-touchpad.conf''<file text 90-touchpad.conf>Section "InputClass"
-        Identifier "libinput touchpad catchall"
-        MatchIsTouchpad "on"
-        MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*"
-        Driver "libinput"
-        Option "Tapping" "on"
-EndSection
-</file>
-  * lid event does not trigger suspend (but manual suspend works)
-    * this is a systemd-related aftermath: xfce power manager allows/assumes login to handle lid
-    * fix: <code>$ xfconf-query -c xfce4-power-manager -p /xfce4-power-manager/logind-handle-lid-switch -s false</code>
-  * issues when logging out/shutdown
-    * may be caused by intel graphics library? i915?
-    * can install lightdm - but shutdown/restart always gets login page (=logout)
-  * wicd feature is an issue for system with multiple users
-    * shared wifi password, no option to make private
-===== Cinnamon DE =====
-  * login page (lightdm?) - cannot shutdown/reboot! read [[https://git.devuan.org/devuan-packages/lightdm/issues/2|here]]...
-    * found a fix [[https://dev1galaxy.org/viewtopic.php?pid=11114#p11114|here]]
-    * i just needed to edit ''/etc/pam.d/lightdm-greeter'' and changed ''pam_systemd.so'' to ''pam_elogind.so'' (but, may cause issues with suspend/hibernate?)
-  * laptop battery quickly drain below 30 percent
-    * setup higher critical value for power management <code>
-gsettings list-keys org.cinnamon.settings-daemon.plugins.power
-gsettings set org.cinnamon.settings-daemon.plugins.power use-time-for-policy false
-gsettings set org.cinnamon.settings-daemon.plugins.power percentage-low 30
-gsettings set org.cinnamon.settings-daemon.plugins.power percentage-critical 25
-gsettings set org.cinnamon.settings-daemon.plugins.power percentage-action 23
-</code>
-    * or use ''dconf-editor''
-===== PulseAudio =====
-Youtube videos keep resetting the volume settings to 100%! The culprit is ''flat-volumes''. Modify ''/etc/pulse/daemon.conf'' and set ''flat-volumes=no''.
-===== (Re)-Compiling Syslinux =====
-I need to recompile syslinux - just to remind myself, other than the usual development packages (build-essential, etc), I also need ''nasm'' and ''upx-ucl''.
-<code>apt install nasm and upx-ucl</code>
-===== Unwanted Background Program =====
-I found this in my old notes... I somehow found an autostart program ''geoclue-demo-agent.desktop'', which I obviously do not need. So, simply remove that from autostart path <code># rm /etc/xdg/autostart/geoclue-demo-agent.desktop</code>
-===== Sound muted on startup on my HP laptop =====
-trying two options found... so far, not successful? keeping this here for reference.
-  - option 1:
-    * install alsa-utils
-    * make sure sound is not muted and set to desired volume level
-    * run (as root) alsactl store
-  - option 2:
-    * edit (as root) /etc/pulse/defaults.pa
-      * can also copy this to home folder ??? for 1-user solution...
-    * comment out 'load-module module-device-restore'
-===== General Issues =====
-  * wifi firmware missing after first restart
-    * manually install ''firmware-ralink''
-  * network manager cannot connect using wifi
-    * edit /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf
-    * add <code>
-[device]
-wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=no
-</code>
-====== Using Wine on Devuan ======
-Setup Wine (as root):
-  * enable multiarch
-  * install wine and winetricks <code># apt install wine wine32 winetricks</code>
-Configure Wine (as user):
-  * if required, remove previous settings <code>$ rm -rf $HOME/.wine</code>
-  * config for win32 <code>$ WINEARCH=win32 winecfg</code>
-  * setup nice fonts <code>$ winetricks corefonts</code>
-//Note: Install ''fuseiso'' to enable mounting ISO as user//
-===== Game: Red Alert 2 =====
-Setup Installer ISO:
-  * create link to ISO as CDROM device <code>$ ln -sf /path/to/install.iso $HOME/.wine/dosdevices/d::</code>
-  * mount ISO <code>$ fuseiso mount  /path/to/install.iso $HOME/.wine/drive_d</code>
-  * create link to mount path as CDROM drive <code>$ ln -sf $HOME/.wine/drive_d $HOME/.wine/dosdevices/d:</code>
-Run installer
-  * <code>$ wine D:\\Setup.exe</code>
-Fixes:
-  * menu does not show (solution available at [[https://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=version&iId=252|WineHQ]])
-    * download ddraw.dll from https://github.com/CnCNet/ts-ddraw/releases
-    * place in RA2 install path
-    * run winecfg add that to library (as window native, instead of builtin)
-===== Application: LTSpice =====
-  * download windows version from ltspice website and run <code>$ wine /download/path/LTspiceXVII.exe</code>
-====== Devuan on Raspberry Pi ======
-Check out [[http://arm-files.devuan.org/|here]].
-===== RasPi400 =====
-Using ''rpi-devuan-chimaera-5.10.110-ext4-2022-04-16.zip''
-  * boots ok (default hostname=bcm2711)
-  * login (root:toor)
-  * setup <code># run-setup</code>
-  * change hostname (edit /etc/hostname and /etc/hosts)
-  * reboot
-  * remove default user <code># userdel -r devuan</code>
-  * most development stuffs i want are preinstalled! yay!
-  * install vim <code># apt install vim</code>
-  * remove nano <code># apt remove nano</code>
-    * also <code># rm .nanorc</code>
-  * install xorg stuffs <code># apt install xorg libx11-dev libxft-dev libxinerama-dev</code>
-  * install suckless stuffs <code># apt install stterm suckless-tools</code>
-  * create user and login as that user
-  * get my1shell and my1ubuild <code>
-# git clone https://codeberg.org/azman/my1shell
-# git clone https://codeberg.org/azman/my1ubuild
-</code>
-  * install ''dwm'' from source
-  * install browser & font <code># apt install surf fonts-liberation2</code>
-//work in progress... 2 issues: {surf cannot validate cert}{reboot hangs}//
-//**Note:** Will simply use Raspberry Pi OS for now... //