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--- linux:dev1_3manage [2026/02/09 22:19] – created - external edit 127.0.0.1
+++ linux:dev1_3manage [2026/04/05 02:44] (current) – azman
@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 Some are applicable to any APT-based distro.
-To remove translations, <code>$ cd /etc ; echo "Acquire::Languages { \"none\"; };" > apt/apt.conf.d/99translation ; cd - >/dev/null</code>
+//**Note:** To remove translations,//<code>$ cd /etc ; echo "Acquire::Languages { \"none\"; };" > apt/apt.conf.d/99translation ; cd - >/dev/null</code>
-To automatically update system essentials, <code>$ apt install unattended-upgrades ; dpkg-reconfigure --priority=low unattended-upgrades</code>
+//**Note:** To automatically update system essentials,//<code>$ apt install unattended-upgrades ; dpkg-reconfigure --priority=low unattended-upgrades</code>
+===== Upgrading =====
+To do an upgrade:
+  * Modify ''/etc/apt/sources.list'' and replace the release codenames <code># sed -i 's/old_release/new_release/g' /etc/apt/sources.list</code>
+    * skip ''-i'' option for a dry-run
+  * Update package list <code># apt update</code>
+  * Upgrade distribution <code># apt dist-upgrade</code>
+  * To make sure EVERYTHING is upgraded (avoids old packages held back)
+    * <code># apt full-upgrade</code>
+  * Do house cleaning <code>
+# apt autoremove
+# apt clean</code>
+That should do it!
 ===== List Installed Packages =====
-  * Using ''apt'' tool <code>$ apt list --installed 2>/dev/null | grep installed</code>
+Using ''apt'' tool <code>$ apt list --installed 2>/dev/null | grep installed</code>
-    * Note that apt will issue a warning when piping its output in shell. Hence, the need to redirect ''stderr'' to ''/dev/null''.
+Note that apt will issue a warning when piping its output in shell. Hence, the need to redirect ''stderr'' to ''/dev/null''. We can further grep away the packages that were automatically installed.
-    * We can further grep away the packages that were automatically installed.
-  * Using the basic ''dpkg'' tool <code>$ dpkg --get-selections | sed -n 's/^\([^\t]*\)\t.*$/\1/ p'</code>
+Using the basic ''dpkg'' tool <code>$ dpkg --get-selections | sed -n 's/^\([^\t]*\)\t.*$/\1/ p'</code>
-    * This version, however, only provides package name.
+This version, however, only provides package name. To extract similar output from ''apt'' (assuming output was redirected into a file called ''temp.txt''), run <code>$ cat temp.txt | sed -n 's|^\(.*\)/.*$|\1| p'</code>
-    * To extract similar output from ''apt'' (assuming output was redirected into a file called ''temp.txt''), run <code>$ cat temp.txt | sed -n 's|^\(.*\)/.*$|\1| p'</code>
+===== Adding More Repo =====
+Get proper signature key from that source (''*.asc'' file) and add to system using ''apt-key''.
+<code># cat <key-file.asc> | apt-key add - </code>
+Create a listing file for source URL in ''/etc/apt/sources.list.d/''.
+<code># echo "deb [arch=?] <new-repo-url> <version> main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/new-repo.list</code>
+After doing an ''apt update'', should be able to ''apt install <pkg>''...
+===== Reconfigure Package =====
+Basically, run a ''dpkg-reconfigure <pkg>''
+e.g. To change timezone <code># dpkg-reconfigure tzdata</code>
+===== Search package for specific binary =====
+  * There is a  specific tool for that <code># apt install apt-file</code>
+  * Update the package/file mapping database <code># apt-file update</code>
+  * Search for "top" <code># apt-file search --regexp '/top$'</code>
+===== Avoiding marking package as manually installed  =====
+  * Use dry-run (simulation) option ''-s'' <code># apt install -s <pg1> ... <pkgN> 2>/dev/null|grep manually</code>
+  * Removed the package(s) displayed from your install list and re-run without ''-s''
+===== GRUB Stuffs =====
+To prevent GRUB from looking for other OS every time it is updated:
+  * edit ''/etc/default/grub'' and insert <code>GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=true</code>
+  * run update-grub
+To add a custom entry:
+  * add a menuentry in ''/etc/grub.d/40_custom''
+  * uses the same menuentry format as in ''/boot/grub/grub.cfg''
+    * e.g. to boot my Slackware partition I can insert <code grub>
+menuentry 'Slackware' --class slackware --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'my1part-<uuid>' {
+	insmod part_gpt
+	insmod ext2
+	set root='hd0,gpt4'
+	if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
+	  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt4 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt4 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt4  <uuid>
+	else
+	  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 4d95a526-2518-4fd6-a904-f7bd2729145d
+	fi
+	linux /boot/vmlinuz-huge-4.4.240 root=/dev/sda4
+}
+</code>
+    * use ''initrd'' (after ''linux'' line) to specify an initrd/initramfs
+    * of course, <uuid> should be a valid filesystem uuid
+  * run update-grub
+===== KVM Stuffs =====
+If KVM group is missing, simply create one...
+<code># [ -z "$(cat /etc/group|grep kvm)" ] && addgroup --gid 125 kvm</code>